A Systematic Literature Review of Talent Management in Improving Organizational Performance

Purpose: This study examines the role of talent management in improving organizational performance by synthesizing previous empirical and conceptual findings and identifying the mechanisms through which talent management contributes to organizational effectiveness. 
Research Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted on scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 in Scopus, ScienceDirect, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar. The selection followed identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages based on predefined criteria, and the included studies were analyzed thematically. 
Results: Talent management contributes positively to organizational performance through enhanced employee competencies, stronger employee engagement and organizational commitment, and the development of sustainable competitive advantage. Leadership support, organizational culture, and integrated human resource management systems are important conditions for the successful implementation of talent management. 
Conclusions: Talent management functions as a strategic organizational capability that transforms individual potential into sustainable organizational performance through direct capability effects and indirect psychological mechanisms. 
Limitations: The review relied on a limited set of databases and publication years, and the existing literature is dominated by private sector settings and cross sectional designs. 
Contributions: The study offers an integrated model linking talent management practices, employee capability, engagement, commitment, and performance, and guides organizations to embed talent management in strategic human resource management.