Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Motivation and Job Satisfaction

                2023-05-31
              

Published

                77-91
              

Pages

OPEN

Access

Suprapto Suprapto

Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya, Indonesia

Sukesi Sukesi

Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya, Indonesia

Nurul Agustia

Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of work environment and work discipline on employee performance through work motivation and job satisfaction as intervening variables at the East Java Customs and Excise Regional Office 1.

Research Methodology: This study employed a quantitative approach with a causal research design. The population consisted of 68 employees, and total sampling was applied. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to evaluate direct and indirect relationships among variables.

Results: The findings show that work environment and work discipline significantly improve work motivation and job satisfaction. However, work environment and work discipline do not significantly affect employee performance directly. Work motivation also has no significant effect on performance, while job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on employee performance. The mediation analysis indicates that job satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between work environment and performance, but does not mediate the relationship between work discipline and performance. Meanwhile, work motivation does not mediate the relationship between work environment and work discipline with employee performance.

Conclusions: Employee performance is primarily influenced by job satisfaction rather than motivation. Improving workplace conditions and employee satisfaction is essential for enhancing organizational performance.

Limitations: This study is limited to one government institution with a relatively small sample size, limiting broader generalization.

Contributions:This study contributes empirical evidence regarding the role of job satisfaction as a mechanism linking organizational factors and employee performance in the public sector.

Employee Performance Job Satisfaction Work Discipline Work Environment Work Motivation

How to Cite

Suprapto, S., Sukesi, S., & Agustia, N. (2023). Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Economics, Management, Entrepreneurship, and Business, 3(2), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.52909/jemeb.v4i2.164

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

References

Agustian, K., Pohan, A., Zen, A., Wiwin, W., & Malik, A. J. (2023). Human resource management strategies in achieving competitive advantage in business administration. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i2.53
Al-Ansi, A. M., Jaboob, M., & Awain, A. M. S. B. (2023). Examining the mediating role of job satisfaction between motivation, organizational culture, and employee performance in higher education: A case study in the Arab region. Education Science and Management, 1(1), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.56578/esm010104
Atatsi, E. A., Stoffers, J., & Kil, A. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: A systematic literature review. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(3), 329-351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-06-2018-0052
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job demands–resources theory: Ten years later. Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior, 10(1), 25-53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
Bell, E., Bryman, A., & Harley, B. (2022). Business Research Methods (6th Edition).
Chen, T., Hao, S., Ding, K., Feng, X., Li, G., & Liang, X. (2020). The impact of organizational support on employee performance. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 42(1), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2019-0079
Darmadi, D. (2020). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Indomaret Cabang Kelapa Dua Gading Serpong Kabupaten Tangerang. JIMF (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Forkamma), 3(3), 240-247. https://doi.org/10.32493/frkm.v3i3.5140
Diamantidis, A. D., & Chatzoglou, P. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: An empirical approach. International journal of productivity and performance management, 68(1), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2018-0012
Dieva, D. P., & Swasti, I. K. (2024). Competence, work discipline, and work facilities contribute to improving employee performance. AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment), 8(3), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v8i3.459
Djari, JA, & Firdaus, S. (2017). The Influence of Discipline on Employee Job Satisfaction (Study of Semarang Maritime Polytechnic Employees). Nautical Dynamics, 7(2), 1740-1745. https://doi.org/10.46484/db.v7i2.52
Emmanuel, O. O. (2021). The dynamics of work environment and its impact on organizational objectives. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v1i2.826
Ende, E., & Firdaus, A. A. (2021). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening pada Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Serang. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Manajemen, Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 56-69. https://doi.org/10.47747/jismab.v2i1.197
Engidaw, A. E. (2021). The effect of motivation on employee engagement in public sectors: In the case of North Wollo zone. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00185-1
Forson, J.A., Ofosu-Dwamena, E., Opoku, R.A. et al. Employee motivation and job performance: a study of basic school teachers in Ghana. Futur Bus J 7, 30. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00077-6
Fransen, K., Boen, F., Vansteenkiste, M., Mertens, N., & Vande Broek, G. (2018). The power of competence support: The impact of coaches and athlete leaders on intrinsic motivation and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(2), 725-745. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12950
Gagné, M., Parker, S. K., Griffin, M. A., Dunlop, P. D., Knight, C., Klonek, F. E., & Parent-Rocheleau, X. (2022). Understanding and shaping the future of work with self-determination theory. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1, 378–392.DOI:. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00056-w
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook.
Haryono, S., & Sulistyo, B. A. (2020). Effects of work motivation and leadership toward work satisfaction and employee performance: Evidence from Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 387-397. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb
Hendri, M. I. (2019). The mediation effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the organizational learning effect of the employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), 1208-1234. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2018-0174
Hermawan, W., Sedarmayanti, S., Jubaedah, E., & Mulyaningsih, M. (2020). Implikasi Iklim Organisasi, Mutasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Di Bkpsdm Kabupaten Subang. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu Dan Praktek Administrasi, 17(2), 178-192. https://doi.org/10.31113/jia.v17i2.578
Hersona, S., & Sidharta, I. (2017). INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP FUNCTION, MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEES'PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(3), 528-537. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2017.015.03.18
Howard, J., Gagné, M., Morin, A. J. S., & Van den Broeck, A. (2017). Motivation profiles at work: A self-determination theory approach.. Journal of Vocational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.07.004
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert Scale: Explored and Explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396-403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975
Khan, G. F., Sarstedt, M., Shiau, W. L., Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Fritze, M. P. (2019). Methodological research on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Internet Research, 29(3), 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0509
Muna, N., & Isnowati, S. (2022). PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, MOTIVASI KERJA, DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (Studi pada PT LKM Demak Sejahtera). Jesya, 5(2), 1119-1130. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i2.652
Nasution, N. M. S., & Maqhfirah, D. R. (2017). Hubungan lingkungan kerja non fisik dengan kepuasan kerja pada perawat RSJ Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ildrem Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Diversita, 3(2), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.31289/diversita.v3i2.1259
Ogbonnaya, C. (2019). Exploring possible trade‐offs between organisational performance and employee well‐being: The role of teamwork practices. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(3), 451-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12238
Prasetyo, E. T., & Marlina, P. (2019). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Inspirasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 3(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.33603/jibm.v3i1.2080
Purnomo, W. (2022). Career Development of Functional Position of Customs and Excise Inspector At The Directoreate General Of Customs and Excise, East Jawa I Regional Office. Airlangga Dev. J, 6(1), 66-77. https://doi.org/10.20473/adj.v6i1.36989
Rangachari, P., & L. Woods, J. (2020). Preserving organizational resilience, patient safety, and staff retention during COVID-19 requires a holistic consideration of the psychological safety of healthcare workers. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(12), 4267. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124267
Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2018). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717–725.DOI:. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9
Sedarmayanti. (2017). HR planning and development to improve Competency, Performance and Work Productivity. PT Refika Aditama.
Susanti, F. (2022). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan pada Kelurahan Setu Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Tadbir Peradaban, 2(3), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.55182/jtp.v2i3.189
Syarifuddin, S. (2023). Can transformative leadership, work discipline, and work motivation improve employee performance?. Advances: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 1(3), 158-170. https://doi.org/10.60079/ajeb.v1i3.100
Tasya, C. Y., Akbar, M. A., & Lina, R. (2024). Work discipline on employee performance through work productivity. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(3), 166-178. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i3.326
Thatrak, D. (2021). Human capital orientation, employee creativity development, organizational innovation capabilities, and outstanding performance of SMEs businesses in Thailand. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 9(2), 126-142. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/693
Vorina, A., Simonič, M., & Vlasova, M. (2017). An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and employee engagement. Economic themes, 55(2), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2017-0014
Vuong, T. D. N., & Nguyen, L. T. (2022). The key strategies for measuring employee performance in companies: A systematic review. Sustainability, 14(21), 14017. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114017
Widarko, A., & Anwarodin, M. K. (2022). Work motivation and organizational culture on work performance: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediating variable. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i2.207
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of employees' workplace environment on employees' performance: A multi-mediation model. Frontiers in public health, 10, 890400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400