Optimizing Civil Servant Performance Monitoring to Enhance Public Service Accountability in Sampang Regency

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the implementation of the civil servant performance monitoring system in Sampang Regency, identify structural, cultural, technological, and geographical barriers, and formulate strategies to strengthen public service accountability. 
Research Methodology: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with an exploratory case study design. Data were collected through literature review, documentary analysis, and empirical observation of Regional Apparatus Organizations in Sampang Regency. The analysis focused on preventive, repressive, and technology-based supervision dimensions. 
Results: The findings indicate that digital monitoring tools have been gradually integrated into employee performance supervision. However, differences in digital literacy, geographical constraints, limited supervisory personnel, weak feedback mechanisms, and administrative compliance continue to reduce monitoring effectiveness. The findings also indicate that performance supervision remains partly focused on administrative reporting rather than substantive performance improvement.
Conclusions: Effective performance monitoring requires integration between digital supervision, direct supervisory leadership, constructive feedback, and consistent accountability mechanisms. A hybrid approach can strengthen employee productivity and public service accountability. 
Limitations: The study focuses on the Sampang Regency Government and relies primarily on qualitative documentary and observational data, limiting the generalisability of the findings to other local government contexts. 
Contributions: This study contributes a hybrid performance monitoring approach that integrates technology-based supervision with human-centred leadership and accountability mechanisms to support sustainable bureaucratic governance.